Allowing participation in-person, synchronously remote, and asynchronous is quite complex!
As described in a previous post, the relaxation of the mask mandate at UMass Amherst around spring break motivated me to introduce a third way to attend Physics 132. For some time, this course had provided students the option to either attend in-person or engage asynchronously by watching the videos of lecture recorded by Echo360 later and completing in-class quizzes within the week via Moodle. However, the lifting of the mask mandate and a general push here at UMass promoting “flex learning” motivated me to add a synchronous remote option. For the second half of the semester, therefore, there were three different ways of engaging with the course: in-person, asynchronously, and the new synchronous remote.
Key features of the course that need to be present in all the different modalities
- The class is taught in a flipped style: students are responsible for engaging with the fundamentals of the content before we begin the unit via reading and homework problems. Students need the ability to get help with this material.
- To ensure adequate mastery of the preparation, there are (almost) daily one-question quizzes. Students need to be able to complete these quizzes regardless of their modality.
- Class time is spent in various ungraded activities including problem solving, conceptual questions. Students need to be encouraged to actively engage with the material as opposed to passively listening/watching.
How the different modalities achieve these goals
In-person
- Help with preparation: For those students who are physically present, we offer a slew of help hours in our help room. This room is open for significant parts of the day as shown in the schedule below. While the specific assignments for each TA are listed, any of the students in any of the service courses offered by our department can attend any hour.
- Engagement with quizzes: The quizzes are done via the iClicker system. This technology is the standard audience participation system at UMass and most of the students, being second and third year students, already have one. Therefore, these remotes do not imply an additional cost.
- Engagement with in-class activities: This goal is easiest to implement in-person. The social pressures of the room: giving dedicated time plus having myself and my TAs walk around, encourages most students to engage with the material.
Asynchronous attendance
- Help with preparation: In addition to the help room, we also organize Zoom-based help hours.
- Engagement with quizzes: In addition to the in-class quizzes, a related quiz is posted to Moodle each day. Students who do not take the quiz in class have one week to complete this quiz which has an 8min time limit.
- Engagement with in-class activities: Encouraging this behavior in students taking the course asynchronously is notoriously challenging. One way I tried to inspire students to go beyond just watching the videos is by segmenting them into smaller pieces and adding a card into the videos encouraging students to pause, try to solve the problem before moving on. To assist with this time consuming task, I hired a physics major with experience in video editing. This student’s physics knowledge was sufficient to figure out logical breaks.
Synchronous zoom-based attendance
- Help with preparation: the Zoom-based help hours are also useful for these students.
- Engagement with quizzes: UMass students who purchase an iClicker also gain free access to the cloud-based app which they can download to their mobile devices. Via the app, students can engage with the iClickers the same as students who are attending in person.
- Engagement with in-class activities: Students who choose this option attend class via Zoom. A single TA is assigned to manage the Zoom room: answering questions, facilitating conversation etc. The aim is for this guidance, plus the dedicated time during the class session, to promote students trying the problem as opposed to simply waiting for me to go over it.
Different ways students can move between the modalities
Primarily in-person
Some students will come to almost every class of their own volition. Others like to have some extrinsic motivator to encourage their attendance. For both of these groups, I offer the opportunity to join in-class teams which I organize via the CATME system which helps ensure equitable team formation. Students who elect to join such teams have an explicit attendance expectation enforced through the in-class quizzes; team members are limited in the number of times they can use the Moodle quizzes to four times or less during the semester. However, the various remote options are available for the occasional absence.
Significantly remote
This course is dominated by second and third year students as shown by the figure below. However, there are also a significant number of students in their final semester before graduation. Many of these students have a lot of external responsibilities: job interviews, touring graduate schools, etc. Other students have unanticipated life events that require them to be away from campus for extended periods, while still others find remote attendance to be more accessible. These students might complete a significant portion of the course remotely: either synchronously or asynchronously. These students are still encouraged to work together. However, there is no official recognition of their groups and, as such, no attendance requirement at all.
Exams and labs were still in person
As described in a previous post, the exams for this course were hosted on Moodle. Even so, given the challenges of remote proctoring, all students, including those who completed most of the rest of the course remotely were required to come to exams in person except in exceptional circumstances such as COVID-19 isolation. Moreover, remote labs are always a unique challenge. Remote labs for electronics and optics doubly so due to the equipment requirements. Therefore, all students were also required to attend lab in-person.
How it went
Technically
In terms of the technical aspects of the fully flexible course, I think it went pretty well. Students seemed to like the flexibility and things went rather smoothly. A full picture of the setup is visible at the top of this post. In general, however, the Zoom room was run by one of my TAs who was also the facilitator of collaboration. A key for this TA was to provide a separate webcam for them to use as the camera angle of most built-in laptop webcams is not very good. The sound was also passed through this laptop as sound was the “straw that broke the camel’s back” for my surface’s hardware and bandwidth. We connected a Jabber microphone to the TA’s laptop. Sound, therefore, ultimately went from my mouth through the room microphone (which recorded the sound for the Echo360 viewing later), into the Jabber, and then to Zoom. Meanwhile, my surface hosted the slides with closed captioning, a Zoom chat window (for questions during the lecture), a webcam, and a document camera for demos.
Socially
This was a bit more mixed. I had a statement of expectations (reproduced below) which students had to read and earn a 100% quiz on (unlimited attempts) in order to get the Zoom link. However, the level of engagement on Zoom was still not the same as in class. Moreover, I had almost no students turning on their cameras, an issue with which most faculty who have taught remotely will be very familiar. Finally, I am concerned that some of the students who elected to engage via Zoom were simply doing it so as to not need to come to the classroom at 9:05 or 10:10 in the morning. I suspect that many of these students may have benefited more by being present. I will look into the data from the semester and see what it says.
About synchronous attendance
I know that, due to the sudden removal of the mask mandate, some of you may not be as comfortable coming to Hasbrouck 20 as you were previously. My goal is always to have as many students comfortable in my class as possible; folks cannot learn if they are not comfortable. Therefore, I have decided to offer a synchronous remote option via Zoom. This is my first time trying to run a class with both a Zoom and an in-person option. As such, I kindly request your patience while we figure out and deal with the inevitable hiccups.
Above, you should see a link to all the Zoom meetings for the semester. For simplicity, we will use the same meeting for both the 9:05am and the 10:10am section. For security, you must use your UMass Zoom account to join.
What will the Zoom experience be like?
You log on using the links above. You will see my slides as a shared screen. The camera will show either the equations on the board (and me if I am standing at my computer!) and/or the document camera if, for example, I am doing a demo. I have a special microphone which will allow you to hear me. As always, the slides will also have live closed captions.
While you will not be able to un-mute in the main room, there will be a chat available. I will also be keeping an eye on it, but obviously my attention will be split. However, the chat will be monitored full-time by one of our graduate TA’s Kaifei. If he sees a question of broad interest, he will ask it to the entire class.
During problem solving, if the session will be long enough, Kaifei will create random breakout rooms for you to have peers with whom you can work. I am sorry, but at this stage, we cannot handle requests etc. Depending on use etc. I may look into this as we go forward. In these rooms, you will be able to discuss and share screens etc. Of course the slides I am sharing will not be visible. However, as always, the slides will be posted as pdf before class so you can have them in front of you. If the problem solving time is going to be short, on the second vote of a clicker question for example, you will not be sent to breakout rooms due to the time needed to create them and bring people back. You are, however, free to chat with each other during this time in the chat and Kaifei may comment if he deems it helpful. I will not respond to this chat. However, you are free to ask questions when I solicit them from the class afterwards.
What about quizzes and other iClicker questions?
All UMass students with physical iClickers can get a free subscription to the app/web-based version of iClicker. Go to https://student.iclicker.com/#/login to create an account and follow the (slightly outdated) instructions at on this page to get setup. Again, these instructions are slightly out of date, so you may need to figure out a few things in the new system, but it should be basically the same. If you have a question, you can access the IT Live Chat for help at this link (click Agree at the bottom to start a session).
Once you have the app setup, you can participate as usual. For quizzes, the chat will be locked. One issue is that, for the team quizzes, there will not be time to create rooms. You will, therefore, not be able to collaborate on the team quizzes and the chat will remain locked throughout. You therefore have two options:
- Do the quiz on your own during class via the iClicker.
- Simply do the Moodle quiz later. As per usual, if you do the iClicker quiz, the Moodle quiz will not count.
I recognize that there are issues of fairness etc. here, however, we are limited by the technological tools we have.
What about folks on teams organized by me?
Given that I put this together over spring break, this system has some limitations. If you are on a team organized by me, this system does not work very well, nor is it designed to. As a team member, you have an obligation to your peers to be in class generally. If this is an issue for you please let me know as soon as possible. I am willing change team statuses in light of the dropping of the mask mandate.
While I will not be able to enforce this, I will remind those on teams that there is a peer evaluation at the end of the semester which impacts your grade. If you stop showing up without your team’s consent, they can (and probably will!) dock you on that peer evaluation and I will support them. Again, if you are on an organized team and are uncomfortable attending class, let me know!
Other (expected) FAQ
Can I attend at either time?
Until I have a good sense of the numbers involved, I would kindly request that you only attend during the class time for which you are enrolled. I may loosen this restriction later depending on how many folks use this.
Must I have my camera on?
While I think that seeing folks faces is nice, you will not be required to have your camera on.
Will the Zoom sessions be recorded?
No. To minimize confusion and to keep as much the same as before the break, the recordings will still be done via Echo360.
Can I still engage with the course asynchronously?
Of course, if you prefer to watch the Echo360 recordings later and take the quizzes on Moodle, you are welcome to do so; you do not have to attend synchronously.
Is this all going to work perfectly smoothly 😉?
Being the first time through, things will inevitably have some hiccups. Just add any observations or suggestions to the Discord.